I only tested these at the volume I feel comfortable listening to music for any significant length of time (moderate to loud 2-person conversation volume). I see no point in testing any louder since I can't hear fine (quieter) details compared to loud sounds smashing my ear drums after a relatively short period of time (and I don't like hearing loss either). I was using Sennheiser HD280 Pro, with damping material added on the inside lining the speaker enclosure behind the speakers, to reduce the emphases to a reasonably "closer to flat" response (they now have a slight thickening of mids and lows but that's it), and I used my desktop PC with a good audio device in a quiet room.
I got three of the results "right", guessing which were uncompressed WAV. One I guessed the 320 Kbps MP3 was best, and I was on the fence for that one. The other two, I guessed the 128 Kpbs MP3 was the best file.
I knew right away for one of the songs I wasn't going to be able to guess with any degree of certainty, since some types of content (less dynamic, less broad frequency range, reduced stereo image) compress with less artifacts. That one was totally up in the air, even when I increased the volume a bit. I was straining to notice a difference and although I might have noticed a difference, none of the files sounded better to me.
For another song, I was paying attention to one aspect of the mix that I thought sounded most interesting to me (which was emphasized therefore "sounded more hifi" to me) and not constantly going back and forth between files to hear if I had "missed something"...but then again that's normal since that's not what you do when listening to music anyway.
And for one song I knew immediately which file was which (all three samples of the song), with a high degree of certainty.
For a couple others, I had to go back and forth a few times and my confidence level was maybe 70% that I was guessing right.
This helped illustrate that sometimes I can hear a difference depending on the content, if I'm paying attention and listening under optimal conditions. But beyond that, it's not something I can say with any level of certainty. I don't have a high-end hifi system, but my system is overall quite good and noticeably better than using earbuds with my phone (which I do often enough, or using the HD 280 with my phone which is still noticeably lower in quality than with my desktop PC's audio device). If I were a hifi sort of person who owned a multi-thousand-dollar hifi system, I'd probably pay for the uncompressed WAV files just to be sure that for the ~50% of the time I might notice that it's better than 320 Kbps (going out on a limb with that number), that I'd be getting "the best".