As I understood it and I may be way off. A modeler is designed around the circuit signal flow through an amp (for instance). Whereas a profiler is a capture of the output of said amp. Maybe there’s more to it and definitely would love to dig deeper
Definitely! Let's think about how it might that work.
disclaimer: I don't work for any guitar-gear company, this is all speculation on my part and could be wrong, but this is what makes sense to me based on what I've read from people who do work in those companies, and how it might logically have to work...
It can't be magic, there has to be a built-out mechanism that makes it function, right? And you can't really just capture the output of something as complex as a tube amp as a singularly capturable thing, how would that work? What you have to do is isolate all the individual variables that might be important to shaping the sound and then measure how they behave under all practically measurable frequencies, amplitudes, and transients, and then define the behavior of all those variables along whatever input curves there might be per variable.
Basically, a profiler puts a bunch of signals through an amp, each one measuring for something different. For example, part of the process is to measure
only the characteristics of distortion. How much, what frequencies are filtered, how quickly the distortion comes on and how saturated it gets, then the profiler will put out other signals to measure the overall output EQ, what does the final output EQ curve look like, and probably a ton of other variables. After that point, the profiler will plug all those variables and curves into one of several pre-built models in the unit.
For example, Kemper has a handful of internal, bare-bones "framework" models not exposed to the user in its database, and it it will actually listen to the amp during profiling, and then pick out the closest model to the real amp on its own and plug in those discovered variables into that model, then save all that info to a file it calls a "profile."
It's all "modeling" by definition really, in that it's all about building a digital "model" of the real amps. What changes from product to product is how a tube amp's performative variables are harvested and implemented, and how many variables are taken into account.